Boston Celtics NBA Finals history: Matchups, MVPs, other stats

The Boston Celtics have a storied track record in the NBA Finals. Learn more about top matchups, players and other stats.

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On this day in history, January 28, 1986, space shuttle Challenger explodes, shocking the nation

On this day in history, Jan. 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger — scheduled for a routine launch from Cape Canaveral in Florida — exploded after just 73 seconds in flight, killing all seven Americans on board.

The disaster shocked the nation — and led to an immediate pause in the space shuttle program.

The cause of the disaster was found to be the failure of the primary and secondary redundant O-ring seals in a joint in the shuttle’s right solid rocket booster (SRB).

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While the mission on that fateful day in 1986 was supposed to be like any other routine mission, unusually cold temperatures caused the external tank to explode seconds into takeoff — causing the orbiter to disintegrate and the spacecraft to explode, according to NASA. 

In addition to highly experienced astronauts, the Challenger carried a special passenger on board: teacher Christa McAuliffe. 

She was a social studies teacher from Concord, New Hampshire, chosen from among 10,000 others who applied to be the first private citizen in space, according to Britannica. 

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In her application, McAuliffe said she would keep a journal about her experience — and would include sections about her training, the flight experience and her feelings about returning to Earth.

One of the reasons McAuliffe was chosen, apparently, was her teaching experience — and the way she would be able to connect with children across the country. 

And that is why, on the day of the launch, scores of students in schools across the country watched as a teacher launched into space for the first time ever. 

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It was unfortunate timing for young children to watch this particular launch — something President Reagan was worried about when he was deciding how to address Americans later that evening.

Americans had been visiting space for decades before that — the first time in 1961, with U.S. Navy test pilot Alan Shepard. 

Shepard was the second man in space following the Soviet Union’s Yuri Gagarin just a mere weeks before. 

By 1969, space travel had progressed to visiting the moon — something the U.S. successfully completed with Apollo 11 that year.

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However, with this success, Americans began to fear the government was spending too much on space, according to NASA. 

A reusable manned spacecraft then became a focus by the Nixon administration, and the space shuttle program was born.

The Challenger’s first mission was in April 1983 — and it quickly became one of the most popular spacecrafts to be used in the following three years, according to NASA.

The annual State of the Union address for early 1986 had been scheduled to take place on the evening of the Challenger’s launch — but given the tragedy, President Reagan chose to delay the address by a week. 

Instead, that night, Reagan did address the nation but from the familiar Oval Office instead. 

Reagan began by saying, “Ladies and gentlemen, I’d planned to speak to you tonight to report on the State of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans.”

He went on, “Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss.”

In his speech, Reagan also expressed a willingness to remain steadfast in the pursuit of space flight — but also, he focused on the families of those who were aboard the Challenger and on the children who were watching the flight from their classrooms or homes.

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“I know it is hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen,” Reagan told the country that night.

“The future doesn’t belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave,” Reagan also said.

“The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future — and we’ll continue to follow them.”

The next mission launch was over two-and-a half years later, in September 1988 — named the “Return to Flight” mission. 

The mission lasted for four days and included 64 orbits around the planet.

It ended with a successful landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California, according to NASA. 

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On this day in history, December 30, 1968, Led Zeppelin is recorded live for first time at Gonzaga University

Led Zeppelin, one of the most celebrated and influential bands in rock ‘n’ roll history, was recorded live before a dazed and confused audience for the first time on this day in history, Dec. 30, 1968. 

“The show took place at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, and saw them opening for Vanilla Fudge,” writes Canadian entertainment site Exclaim!

“Led Zep were so unknown at the time that ads for the gig billed them as ‘Len Zefflin.'”

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The communication breakdown was brief. The mighty Zeppelin soon made a name for itself with a haunting, powerful sound that still thrills listeners today. 

Led Zeppelin blended American delta blues, English folk mysticism and intense individual musicianship to create a big, brash new style of rock ‘n’ roll that flouted pop-rock convention. It captivated fans with its blunt power and hallucinatory aura.

A bootleg version of the first show displaying Zeppelin’s power and aura has circulated for decades.

“There is nothing raw or un-Led Zeppelin-like about the sound captured by an unknown Gonzaga student on a small, portable tape recorder that day,” says History.com. 

“The ‘Gonzaga ’68 bootleg features the band performing tight and thrilling versions of some songs that are now considered classics but were then unknown to those in attendance.”

The power quartet exploded onto the global music scene two weeks later with the release of its debut album and rock epic, “Led Zeppelin I,” on Jan. 12, 1969. 

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The Gonzaga gig included a live version of “Dazed and Confused,” a blues-rock fireball of a tortured lover’s lament that appeared on the first studio album and remains one of the band’s signature tracks more half a century later. 

“Dreamy, morbid, glowing with whooshing flocks of baby vultures produced by bowing the E string of the guitar, ‘Dazed and Confused’ was the album’s tour de force,” author Stephen Davis wrote in his bloated 1985 Led Zeppelin tabloid-ography “Hammer of the Gods.” 

“A generation of fans,” he added, “would grow up wondering what Robert [Plant] was jabbering, submerged under the wah-wah, before Zep drops the bomb one more time.”

Within two years of their gig at Gonzaga, “Len Zefflin” had released a trio of mega-hit albums and emerged in the post-Beatles 1970s as the biggest band in the world and one of the premier live acts in music history.

The British foursome, drummer John Bonham, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, guitarist Jimmy Page and singer Plant had formed a group earlier in 1968 known as the New Yardbirds. 

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Page was already a rock star as a member of the original Yardbirds, a groundbreaking U.K. band that included among its members Jeff Beck and Eric Clapton. 

The group is best known for its 1965 British Invasion hit, “For Your Love.”

Page’s New Yardbirds performed under that short-lived name in Europe in the autumn of 1968. 

The Gonzaga show was one of its first as Led Zeppelin. 

Their studio recordings soon made the band a hugely influential sensation all over the world. 

Led Zeppelin’s first album featured nine tracks, including four that were longer than six minutes — unheard of at the time. 

ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY, DECEMBER 27, 1932, RADIO CITY MUSIC HALL OPENS TO GREAT FANFARE IN NEW YORK CITY

It was recorded, incredibly, in just 30 hours of studio time and with minimal production, according to author Davis, just weeks before the show in Washington.

Band manager Peter Grant “would claim it cost only £1,750 to produce, including the artwork depicting the catastrophic 1937 death of the ocean-going Nazi zeppelin Hindenburg,” Davis wrote. 

The album cost just $17,500 in 2022 U.S. dollars, yet has sold about 10 million copies.

The foursome cemented its status as the biggest band in the world with the 1971 release of its fourth album, “Led Zeppelin IV.”

It features high-octane power tracks such as “Black Dog,” “Rock and Roll” and “When the Levee Breaks.” 

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Its signature anthem, “Stairway to Heaven,” is proclaimed in many circles as the greatest song of the rock era.

The Recording Industry Association of America lists “Led Zeppelin IV” as one of the five most popular albums in world history, with more than 30 million in certified copies sold. 

Led Zeppelin released eight studio albums and one live album before disbanding following the death of drummer Bonham in 1980, with several more releases since then. 

With estimates of over 200 million albums sold, they are one of the most popular bands of all time, forging their legend with powerful live performances. 

“During their decade-long prime in the 1970s, Led Zeppelin was the biggest band in the world, representing the booming record business at its peak as its biggest act,” Davis wrote.

“There was something magical, unnatural about Zeppelin’s rise to power.”

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On this day in history, December 28, 1958, Colts beat Giants for NFL title in 'greatest game ever played'

The Baltimore Colts stunned the New York Giants 23-17 in “sudden death” at the NFL championship game at Yankee Stadium before a mesmerized nationwide television audience on this day in history, Dec. 28, 1958. 

The event has gone down in American sports lore as “the greatest game ever played.”

The dramatic title tilt helped popularize pro football at a time when it ranked behind baseball and college football — even boxing and horse racing — in the national sporting consciousness. 

ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY, DECEMBER 27, 1932, RADIO CITY MUSIC HALL OPENS AMID GREAT FANFARE IN NEW YORK CITY

“The game captured the collective attention of the nation and as a result, pro football exploded across the country in the following years,” writes the Pro Football Hall of Fame. 

“By the mid-1960s, professional football became the nation’s favorite sport to watch and has remained on top ever since.”

The nationally televised spectacle was highlighted by two dramatic late scoring drives engineered by an unheralded 25-year-old Colts quarterback named Johnny Unitas. 

The sports thriller capped a long Christmas weekend for millions of Americans who were tuning into pro football for the first time. 

They witnessed the first overtime game in pro football history; one of the first NFL games broadcast nationally; and an incredible galaxy of football legends on the field and on the sidelines. 

Among them: New York Giants stars Frank Gifford, Sam Huff and Pat Summerall; and Colts icons Raymond Berry, Art Donovan and Lenny Moore.

A total of 17 future Hall of Famers participated in the game as players, coaches or executives.

The Giants coaching staff included assistants Tom Landry and Vince Lombardi

No star shined brighter than that of Unitas, who emerged from the game an American legend.

A sandlot gunslinger playing for $7 a week just three years earlier, he marched the Colts from their own 14-yard line in the final two minutes to set up a game-tying 20-yard field goal with seven seconds left to play in regulation. 

“It was one of the most dramatic two minutes in the history of any sport,” former NFL executive, broadcaster and football historian Upton Bell told Fox News Digital. 

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“People in those days knew you couldn’t put together a scoring drive in two minutes.”

Bell’s father, the late Bert Bell, was the NFL commissioner at the time. 

The senior Bell had convinced team owners just a few years earlier to adopt a “sudden death” format in the event of a tie in the league championship game. 

In “sudden death,” the first team to score wins. 

Without it, the 1958 NFL championship game would have ended in a 17-17 tie. 

“I don’t think a lot of people realized historically at the time what sudden death meant,” said Bell, who was in the stands for the game.

“Many players on the field didn’t understand. People around me were ready to go home, thinking the game ended as a tie.”

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The Giants failed to score on the opening drive of overtime. 

Unitas then led the Colts 80 yards on 13 plays for the game-winning score.

An estimated 45 million Americans gathered around the television for the final minutes of unprecedented sports drama. 

They watched as Colts running back Alan “The Horse” Ameche crashed over the goal line from one yard out for the winning score. 

The massive viewership shattered all known television audiences for football that had come before. 

Mayhem ensued on the field, as a sense of witnessing history rushed over the 64,000 fans in attendance.

Unitas completed 26 of 40 passes for 349 yards — startling numbers in that era. His teammate Berry caught 12 passes for 178 yards. 

Berry’s 12 receptions stood as an NFL championship game/Super Bowl record for 55 years. 

The previously unknown sports term “sudden death” entered the American vernacular that day, said Bell. 

It’s still commonly used in all sports to describe a contest that ends on the next score by either team.

Commissioner Bell, a pro football pioneer, broke down and cried after the game, realizing he had witnessed a landmark moment for a league that often struggled to survive since its 1920 founding. 

The game benefited from low ambient lighting and the sharply different white jerseys of the Colts and dark blue jerseys of the Giants. 

It gave the game a stark, thrilling palette that popped on black-and-white television.

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“Many of the viewers just beginning to tune in were not regular watchers of pro football and they were seeing something starkly different than the traditional college games played on sunny autumn afternoons,” author Mark Bowden wrote in his 2008 book, “The Best Game Ever: Giants vs. Colts, 1958, and the Birth of the Modern NFL.” 

He added, “This was more like mortal combat from some dark underworld. A master cinematographer could not have lit the scene more dramatically.” 

The massive interest in the game fueled the creation of the rival American Football League the following year. 

Eight AFL teams took the field for the first time in 1960. 

The two leagues merged in 1966 with the creation of the first AFL-NFL championship game, an event now known around the world as the Super Bowl. 

A behemoth of American sports culture, the Super Bowl was made possible by the drama of the 1958 NFL title game. 

A 2019 poll of dozens of football experts confirmed the status of the 1958 NFL championship contest as “the greatest game ever played.” 

The second greatest game on the list: the improbable 34-28 comeback win by Tom Brady and the New England Patriots over the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl LI.

It was the only other NFL championship game that went into overtime. 

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On this day in history, November 25, 1963, John F. Kennedy is buried in Arlington National Cemetery

Just a handful of days after he was assassinated in an open-car motorcade on the streets of Dallas during a campaign trip throughout Texas, President John F. Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, on this day in history, Nov. 25, 1963.

President Kennedy, as well as two Kennedy infants, are today interred in Lot 45, Section 30, of Arlington National Cemetery, according to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.

“The permanent graves are located about 20 feet east of the site where the president was temporarily interred on 25 November 1963,” the library’s website also says. 

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“Each is marked by a simply inscribed gray slate tablet.”

The burial of the slain president, only 46 years old when he was assassinated, followed a somber and nationally televised funeral process.

JFK had not specified where he wanted to be buried, according to History.com.

“Most of his family and friends assumed he would have chosen a plot in his home state of Massachusetts,” the site also notes.

As a veteran of World War II, he “qualified for a plot at Arlington National Cemetery, but he also deserved a special site befitting his presidential status.” 

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The spring before he died, President Kennedy “made an unscheduled tour of Arlington and … remarked to a friend on the view of the Potomac from the Custis-Lee Mansion, reportedly saying it was ‘so magnificent I could stay forever,'” the same site points out.

After Kennedy was killed on Nov. 22, 1963, the friend who accompanied JFK to Arlington that day “relayed the comment to the president’s brother-in-law, Sargent Shriver, who suggested the site to Jacqueline Kennedy, the president’s widow,” History.com also reports.

“Jackie, who was responsible for the final decision, toured the site on November 24 and agreed. ‘He belongs to the people,’ she said,” the site also notes.

The then-first lady also reportedly asked if workers at the cemetery could erect “some sort of eternal flame at the grave site,” says History.com.

“Cemetery officials scrambled to put together a makeshift Hawaiian torch under a wire dome, covered by dirt and evergreen boughs. The flame was fed by copper tubing from a propane tank situated 300 feet away.”

Then, after the graveside military ceremony on November 25, Jackie Kennedy “lit the first eternal flame and, a few days later, the grave site was enclosed with a white picket fence.” 

The next month, in December 1963, “Jackie Kennedy returned to the grave and was photographed kneeling in prayer among a sea of wreaths and bouquets left by recent visitors.”

The eternal flame today “burns from the center of a 5-foot circular flat granite stone located at the head of the president’s grave,” the JFK Library site notes. 

“The burner, a specially designed apparatus, which was created by the Institute of Gas Technology of Chicago, consists of a nozzle and electric ignition system.”

The library also notes, “A constantly flashing electric spark near the tip of the nozzle relights the gas if the flame is extinguished by rain, wind or accidents. The fuel is natural gas mixed with proper quantities of air to control the color and shape of the flame.”

The library says as well, “The entire site, with a total area of about 3.2 acres, was set aside by the Secretary of the Army with the approval of the Secretary of Defense to honor the memory of the president.”

It also says, “The land has been retained for the nation as a whole and has not been deeded to the Kennedy family.”

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“The area now is appropriately landscaped with new plantings mingled among some of the historic trees.”

“While magnolias predominate, there are crab apple, willow oak, hawthorn, yellow wood, American holly and cherry trees interspersed among flowering plants and shrubs.”

More than three million people visit Arlington National Cemetery each year.

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On this day in history, September 24, 1943, Babe Ruth plays his last game for the New York Yankees

Baseball legend Babe Ruth played his last game as a Yankee in New York on this day in history, Sept. 24, 1934. 

He was 39 years old. 

Only 4,000 fans were on hand for his finale at Yankee Stadium, which was against the Boston Red Sox, noted The Los Angeles Times. 

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Ruth was walked in the first inning. He was replaced by pinch-runner Myril Hoag, recounted the same source.

No one knew at the time that the day would be his last in pinstripes at Yankee Stadium. Ruth was traded in the off-season.

Remarkably, this day in history is “a double-landmark” day for Ruth — as Sept. 24, 1919, is the same date that he became baseball’s single-season home run record holder, according to the Los Angeles Times.

The two milestones were 15 years apart.

Only 24 years old in 1919, Ruth was both a pitcher and an outfielder for the Boston Red Sox. 

He was 9-5 and had a 2.97 earned-run average in the 17 games he pitched, according to the same source. 

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“He played in 130 games, batted .322 and drove in 114 runs. And on this date, he hit his 28th home run, breaking Ned Williamson’s single-season record. Ruth finished the season with 29 homers,” said The Los Angeles Times. 

The next year, Ruth would wear a Yankee uniform — and as a full-time outfielder he smashed 54 home runs.

On Aug. 11, 1929, as a New York Yankees slugger, Ruth became the first player to eclipse 500 career home runs, according to ESPN.

He was already baseball’s all-time home run leader to that point, and by a comfortable margin, according to multiple sources. 

It took until 1940 before anyone joined Ruth in the 500 home-run club, when Boston Red Sox first baseman Jimmie Foxx hit his just over 11 years later, noted ESPN. 

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Across his first six MLB seasons as a member of the Red Sox, Ruth hit 49 home runs while also spending time as a pitcher. 

He exploded once he became a Yankee, though, blasting 467 home runs in the 1920s alone, the same source chronicled.

Interestingly, Ruth was walked more than any batter in history, 2,056 times, according to The Los Angeles Times. 

In 1923, he was walked 170 times — for another record. 

After his 54- and 59-homer seasons of 1920 and ‘21, his intentional walks skyrocketed. 

“In 13 seasons he was passed more than 100 times,” the same source noted.

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Known as “The Bambino,” Ruth concluded his career with 714 home runs, an individual record that stood until Atlanta Braves outfielder Hank Aaron passed him in 1974. 

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San Francisco Giants outfielder Barry Bonds took over as the home run king in 2007, and he still has the most at 762, the same source stated.

Ruth was a member of the inaugural National Baseball Hall of Fame class in 1936.

He was honored along with Ty Cobb, Walter Johnson, Christy Mathewson and Honus Wagner, according to several sources.

The seven-time World Series champion naturally has his No. 3 jersey retired by the Yankees. 

The first season the Yankees even wore jersey numbers was 1929, the same year Ruth hit 500 home runs, according to Sports Illustrated.

Ruth died of throat cancer at age 53 on Aug. 16, 1948, in New York City. 

His body lay in state at Yankee Stadium for two days. During that time, over 100,000 fans paid their last respects, according to History.com.

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On this day in history, August 24, 1932, Amelia Earhart becomes first woman to fly solo coast-to-coast

Aviation trailblazer Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the U.S. nonstop on this day in history, Aug. 24, 1932. 

Earhart piloted her Lockheed Vega 5B from Los Angeles to Newark in a record 19 hours and 5 minutes. 

The 3,986-kilometer (2,477-mile) flight set an official U.S. record for women’s distance and time, according to the National Air and Space Museum.

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Earhart’s solo, non-stop flight’s average speed for this record-breaking flight was 206.42 kilometers per hour (128.27 miles per hour), and she flew most of the way at an altitude of 3,048 meters (10,000 feet), the same source recounted. 

Less than a year later, Earhart would set a new transcontinental speed record, making the same flight in a record 17 hours and 7 minutes, the same source indicated.

Then on Jan. 11, 1935, she became the first person to solo fly the 2,408-mile distance across the Pacific between Honolulu, Hawaii, and Oakland, California

It was also the first flight in which a civilian aircraft carried a two-way radio, according to The Amelia Earhart official website. 

ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY, JAN. 11, 1935, AMELIA EARHART IS FIRST AVIATOR TO FLY SOLO FROM HAWAII TO CALIFORNIA

Earhart was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas. Her father was a railroad lawyer, and her mother was from an affluent family. 

As a child, she displayed an adventurous and independent nature for which she would later become known, noted Biography.com.

The Earhart family often moved — and while on a visit to her sister in Canada, Earhart developed an interest in caring for soldiers wounded in World War I

In 1918, she left junior college to become a nurse’s aide in Toronto, the same source indicated. When the war ended, Earhart entered a premed program at Columbia University in New York City but left in 1920 after her parents insisted that she live with them in California. 

“It was there she went on her first airplane ride in 1920, an experience that prompted her to take flying lessons,” cited Biography.com.

In 1921, she bought her first plane, a Kinner Airster, and two years later she earned her pilot’s license, the same source said. 

Earhart moved to Massachusetts, where she continued to pursue her interest in aviation.

Earhart continued to reach new heights in aviation. 

On June 17, 1928, she departed Trepassey, Newfoundland, Canada, as a passenger aboard a seaplane piloted by Wilmer Stultz and Louis Gordon, noted Britannica.com.

Much of the publicity was managed by publisher George Palmer Putnam, who had helped organize the historic flight. The couple married in 1931, but Earhart continued her career under her birth name. 

That year she also piloted an autogiro to a record-setting altitude of 18,415 feet, the same source cited.

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In 1930, Earhart purchased the plane that would carry her into history, the iconic red Lockheed 5B Vega she nicknamed “Old Bessie.” It’s been on display at the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum since its opening in 1976, according to Popular Mechanics.

Then, on May 20, 1932, and exactly five years to the date of Lindberg’s journey, she made her own indelible mark — becoming only the second person to pilot a plane solo across the Atlantic and the first woman, the same source recounted.

This flight in her 5B Vega from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, to Londonderry, Northern Ireland was completed in a record time of 14 hours 56 minutes despite a number of challenges. 

Earhart faced inclement weather and some mechanical difficulties and was unable to land in her scheduled destination of Paris, Brittancia.com reported.

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Earhart’s fate then turned to tragedy.

On the morning of July 2, 1937, she and her navigator, Fred Noonan, took off from Lae, New Guinea, on one of the last legs in their historic attempt to circumnavigate the globe, History.com reported. 

Their next destination was Howland Island in the central Pacific Ocean, about 2,500 miles away. 

But Earhart never landed on Howland Island.

Battling overcast skies, faulty radio transmissions and a rapidly diminishing fuel supply in her twin-engine Lockheed Electra plane, she and Noonan lost contact with somewhere over the Pacific, the same source recounted. 

“Despite a search-and-rescue mission of unprecedented scale, including ships and planes from the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard scouring some 250,000 square miles of ocean, they were never found,” History.com stated. 

At the time, the Navy concluded that Earhart and Noonan had run out of fuel, crashed into the Pacific and drowned, according to multiple sources. The mystery of her disappearance remains a fixture in popular culture and her fate has been the subject of numerous books and movies.

Although her plane disappeared on July 2, 1937, she was declared officially deceased on Jan. 5, 1939.

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Earhart received numerous posthumous honors. She was enshrined in 1968 in the National Aviation Hall of Fame and in 1973 in the National Women’s Hall of Fame, noted the Topeka Capital-Journal. 

Her image adorns a 1963 air mail stamp. She’s also the namesake of the USNS Amelia Earhart, a Navy cargo ship launched in 2007, the same source said. 

Despite the tragic end to Earhart’s life, her accomplishments and her legacy still serve as an inspiration to thousands of budding young pilots everywhere, noted Britannica.com.

On this day in history, August 20, 2017, legendary comedian Jerry Lewis dies at 91

On this day in history, Aug. 20, 2017, 91-year-old Jerry Lewis died of natural causes at his home in Las Vegas, Nevada.

One of the most well-known American comedians of the 1950s, ’60s and well beyond, Lewis was born as either Jerome or Joseph Levitch in Newark, New Jersey in 1926, according to various sources.

The comedian and actor rose to stardom partly due to his early mimicking talents, which ultimately led to a successful career all over the world.

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Lewis was born into an entertainment family. His father, known as Danny Lewis, was a musical arranger, while his mother, Rachel, played piano. 

He started performing at age five. When he was just 12 years old, he began miming music that he heard. The unique talent led him to drop out of high school to perform, according to Britannica.

Upon his arrival in New York City, Lewis met singer and actor Dean Martin in 1946.

Martin “would provide the songs and be straight man to Lewis [the] manic comic,” noted The Los Angeles Times. 

The two soon became a popular team.

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The duo successfully performed in theaters, including the famous New York City Copacabana nightclub, and ultimately signed a deal with Paramount Pictures, as IMDb reported.

“They were hits on radio, on TV, especially as hosts of the NBC’s ‘The Colgate Comedy Hour,’ in live appearances and in a series of comedy features for Paramount Pictures, including ‘The Caddy and ’The Stooge,'” The LA Times also said. 

They enjoyed massive success and remained a popular comedic team throughout the mid-1950s.

Others memorable films included “My Friend Irma” and “Living It Up.”

The partnership did not last, however. Lewis and Martin ended up having a falling out after they did a film called “Pardners” in 1956. 

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Afterward, Lewis continued his career as a solo performer, according to Britannica.

He went on to become writer and director of his own films. Lewis was responsible for some of the greatest slapstick gags in history, including those in “The Nutty Professor,” “The Bellboy,” “The Errand Boy,” “Cinderfella” and “The Ladies Man,” according to multiple sources.

In Europe, he was named Best Director of the Year eight times beginning in 1960. 

French film critic Robert Benayoun even wrote, “I consider Jerry Lewis, since the death of Buster Keaton, to be the foremost comic artist of the time,” as the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) noted in a biography of Lewis.

One of his most notable efforts, however, had nothing to do with comedy or acting. Rather, it was that charity for which he became well-associated.

MDA is a voluntary health organization in the United States for people living with muscular dystrophy or neuromuscular diseases such as ALS, according to the group. 

Lewis was its national chair for over five decades. 

“Jerry won the admiration and respect of millions for providing help and hope to people of all ages, races and backgrounds living with neuromuscular diseases,” the group noted on its website.

Over the years, Lewis made it his mission to raise money for, and awareness of, muscular dystrophy. 

The MDA Telethon was broadcast each Labor Day weekend for 45 years, according to MDA. Lewis hosted the event for 44 of those years, until 2010; he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for those efforts.

He is also credited with inventing the video assist system in cinematography, according to multiple sources. 

He won numerous awards for his work over the years, and has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, according to that organization’s website. In 2005, he was awarded the Governors Award of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Board of Governors, considered the highest Emmy Award that’s presented. 

In 2012, Lewis was hospitalized for two nights in New York after collapsing with what was reportedly a low blood sugar problem, as Fox News Digital reported.

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In the years leading up to his death, he suffered from a back condition, which was linked to a fall from a piano during a comedy routine, plus health issues. 

He reportedly suffered two heart attacks.

Lewis was married twice — once to Patti Palmer for over 36 years and once to SanDee Pitnick for 34 years until his death.

He was a father of six sons and one daughter.

When he died at age 91, he was at home, according to his publicist via AP.

Jerry Lewis “was perhaps the last in a line of … great clowns,” Fox News Digital reported previously. 

“He created an indelible character — a sort of outlandish man-child who couldn’t be controlled, not even by the laws of physics.”

Post-Trump World, GOP Split, Black History Month | Overtime with Bill Maher (HBO)

Bill and his guests – Richard Haass, Anthony Scaramucci, David Frum, Donna Brazile answer viewer questions after the show. (Originally aired 02/02/18) See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information. The post Post-Trump World, GOP Split, Black History Month | Overtime with Bill Maher (HBO) appeared first on Buy It At A Bargain – Deals And Reviews.

Fauci, Weingarten try to rewrite history on disastrous COVID-19 lockdowns: 'Show me a school that I shut down'

Former White House Chief Medical Adviser Dr. Anthony Fauci and teachers union boss Randi Weingarten are furiously trying to rewrite history on their role in promoting the disastrous school lockdowns that paralyzed the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic and left a generation of children behind.

“Show me a school that I shut down and show me a factory that I shut down. Never. I never did,” Fauci told New York Times Magazine last month. “I gave a public health recommendation that echoed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommendation, and people made a decision based on that. But I never criticized the people who had to make the decisions one way or the other.”

“We wanted to be in school. I’ve said that over and over again today,” Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), one of the nation’s most powerful teachers unions, said during her congressional testimony about the school lockdowns last week.

But history shows that both Fauci and Weingarten vehemently pushed for COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions that led to prolonged school closures across the country.

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At the start of the pandemic, Fauci, then-director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), expressed outright support for a federal lockdown to contain the virus.

“Whatever it takes,” he told CNN on March 15, 2020.

Just one week earlier, Fauci said there was “no reason to be walking around with a mask,” and that wearing one could even make people sicker, because it causes them to touch their face more frequently. He and the CDC reversed course within weeks and started pushing universal mask mandates for everyone age 2 and older.

A study released this January found that that widespread masking may have done little to nothing to curb the transmission of COVID-19, and myriad questions still remain about the negative impact that prolonged masking has had on children’s speech and social development.

Still, Fauci was featured in a PBS documentary this March saying he regretted not supporting mask mandates and quarantines sooner.

“Maybe I should have done that,” he said. “Yeah, I was wrong.” 

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Masks weren’t the only reversal by the country’s public health experts. In March 2020, Fauci’s NIH published a study saying COVID-19 is “stable for several hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces.” 

“Wash hands, avoid close contact, use a face covering, clean inanimate objects,” Fauci said in August 2020.

The CDC later determined the risk of surface transmission of COVID-19 was “low,” and Fauci admitted that wiping down groceries was unnecessary.

While some schools started reopening as early as August 2020, like in Florida, many local playgrounds remained closed for over a year due to the inanimate object theory. It wasn’t until April 2021 that the CDC said sunlight and weather factors could destroy the virus on outdoor surfaces.

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In the summer of 2020, Fauci and the CDC insisted children needed to remain six feet apart in order to prevent the virus’ spread, making in-person learning near impossible.

“The minimal thing that you should do is the kind of things that we’ve been talking about constantly: wearing a mask, maintaining six feet of distance, avoiding crowds,” Fauci said at the time.

The 6-feet standard became one of the largest hurdles schools faced as they struggled to reopen to in-person learning in accordance with the CDC’s guidelines in the spring of 2021. 

On March 10, 2021, a study in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that there was no significant difference in coronavirus spreading in schools where there were six feet of distancing versus three feet of distancing. 

Fauci said he supported the study, and days later, the CDC’s guidance was reduced to three feet.

In August 2021, Fauci endorsed vaccine mandates for school children, teachers and school staff, in addition to the mask mandates. During a White House press briefing, he stood alongside CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky as she slammed schools in states like Florida for reopening without implementing mask and vaccine mandates for staff and students.

Fauci told CNN’s Jake Tapper at the time: “I have been of this opinion, and I remain of that opinion, that I do believe at the local level, Jake, there should be more mandates.”

Despite Fauci’s support for mandates, there is still no definitive evidence that current COVID-19 vaccines prevent transmission of the virus. Further, the World Health Organization (WHO) determined in March that healthy children between 6 months and 17 years old don’t need the vaccine at all.

While the science surrounding COVID-19 remains ever-changing, Fauci routinely demonized those who questioned his assumptions and created an environment where conflicting ideals were dismissed as conspiracies.

“It’s very dangerous,” Fauci told MSNBC in June 2021. “A lot of what you’re seeing as attacks on me quite frankly are attacks on science, because all of the things that I have spoken about consistently from the very beginning, have been fundamentally based on science.”

“Misinformation and disinformation is really hurting so many things, including people’s trust in science,” he complained in December.

California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat whose restrictive COVID-19 policies were routinely cheered by Fauci, went so far as to sign a law punishing doctors who espoused alleged “misinformation or disinformation” related to COVID-19 that was not in line with the mainstream. A federal judge blocked the law in January following a pair of lawsuits challenging it on free speech grounds.

Fauci worked closely with teachers unions in 2021 in an attempt to fulfill President Biden’s promise to reopen “most” schools in his first 100 days in office. 

Fauci and Weingarten argued at the time that billions in funding through the America Rescue Plan would give the teachers the resources they need to get school open safely.

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Fauci said during a teachers union event in January 2021 that he had a “personal interest” in keeping teachers safe because his daughter was teaching 3rd-grade science at the time.

“We need the CDC guidance,” Weingarten said at the event. “We need these rapid tests, we need to make sure we have the accommodations and the vaccine. I hear that a lot.”

But even after the American Rescue Plan passed in March, without any Republican support, Weingarten demanded billions more in order in order for teachers to return to the classroom safely.

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Weingarten’s pandemic response came to the forefront last week after she appeared before the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic to address her union’s role in influencing public policy on school lockdowns.

“Republicans on the House Covid subcommittee want you to think I wanted to keep schools closed. Here’s what I actually said… over & over again,” Weingarten tweeted after the hearing.

Fox News Digital previously reported that the AFT and the National Education Association (NEA) were discovered to have corresponded with the CDC in 2021 to make last-minute changes to school reopening guidance, which included a phased reopening approach for K-12 schools based on coronavirus cases in the area.

The New York Post further reported last week that the AFT was even more deeply involved than previously understood, with Weingarten holding two phone calls with CDC Director Rochelle Walensky in the week prior to the guidance’s release.

Communications previously obtained by the New York Post through a Freedom of Information Act request by conservative group Americans for Public Trust showed numerous emails between top CDC officials and the AFT just days before the Biden administration released the school reopening guidelines in February 2021. The lobbying efforts were a reported success, as the Post found at least two instances when “suggestions” were used nearly word-for-word within the CDC’s guidelines.

The CDC had been prepared to allow in-school instruction regardless of transmission rates, but at the suggestion of the union, the guidelines were adjusted to include a provision that said, “In the event of high community-transmission results from a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, a new update of these guidelines may be necessary.”

The union further requested that teachers be granted remote work access for those “who have documented high-risk conditions or who are at increased risk.” Similar provisions were included for “staff who have a household member” that is considered high risk to the virus.

Emails reviewed by Fox News Digital showed that the AFT and the NEA also received a copy of the guidance before the CDC released it to the public. 

Responding to the backlash over the correspondence, Weingarten suggested it was routine procedure.

“This is normal rulemaking, frankly,” she told C-SPAN in May 2021. “This is what every administration used to do. The problem with the last administration is that they didn’t do it.”

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In the video Weingarten tweeted last week in an attempt to prove she supported reopening schools, Weingarten repeatedly says in a number of news clips, “We want schools to reopen.” What she left out of the video is that her union was demanding a wide range of mitigation requirements at the time, like 6-foot physical distancing, contact tracing, retrofitted ventilation systems, and that schools only reopen in places where the government had the authority to “trigger” school closures in the event of an uptick in COVID-19 cases. 

“There’s no way that you’re going to have full-time schools for all the kids and all the teachers the way we used to have it,” Weingarten said in July 2020.

At the time, Weingarten slammed the Trump administration’s guidelines to reopen schools by fall 2020 as “reckless,” “callous” and “cruel.” She later called on Congress for more federal funding for schools and threatened a strike if they reopened without implementing her union’s demands.

While many school districts across the country, like in Florida, reopened for the Fall of 2020, Weingarten was advocating for improving remote learning. 

“We have an obligation to make remote better, because until we can really decrease community spread throughout the United States, distance learning and distance working is going to be a fact of life,” she said in August 2020.

In July 2021, Weingarten said “millions” would die from Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis’ handling of the pandemic, but she later walked back her claim.

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Weingarten signaled the potential for future school lockdowns as recently as January 2022, tweeting, “There are very real logistical decisions schools are making. We know kids do better in person, but the spike is real. We need adequate staff & the safety measures in place including testing, masking ventilation. There is a lot of stress.”

Weingarten’s tweet came on the heels of her announcement on CNN that she “personally” supported mandating the vaccine for school children five and older.

Weingarten testified last week that President Biden’s transition team was the first to contact her union for guidance on school closures during the pandemic, not the CDC.

“Did the AFT first engage the CDC or did the CDC reach out to you?” Rep. Brad Wenstrup, R-Ohio, chairman of the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, asked the union leader.

“So what essentially happened, sir, was that we were talking to the Biden transition team before he was sworn into office,” Weingarten responded.

“Did they reach out to you or the CDC?” Wenstrup asked.

“The Biden transition team reached out to us,” Weingarten reiterated.

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School closures in the U.S. have had a devastating impact on children’s mental health, development and future earnings potential. According to data released last year by the National Center for Education Statistics, 70% of U.S. public schools have reported an increase in students seeking mental health services since the start of the pandemic. A study published by the conservative think tank Just Facts reported that the mental stressors brought about by school closures will destroy seven times more years of life than lockdowns saved. 

A study by the American Enterprise Institute also found that nearly 1.3 million students have left public schools since the pandemic began, and schools that stayed remote longer saw even more students leave. The World Bank reported that the school closures will cost this generation of students $21 trillion in earnings over their lifetimes, which is far more than the $17 trillion estimated in 2021.

A working paper first released in October 2020, which examined over 10,000 school districts across the country and their reopening plans, found that partisan politics and teachers union strength in a particular area had far more influence on schools reopening than science or local health guidance. 

Despite the numerous studies saying school closures had catastrophic effects on one of the nation’s most vulnerable populations, the leaders responsible for the lockdowns have not been recalled or fired in the more than three years since the pandemic struck.

Weingarten was reelected to serve an eighth term last year at AFT’s convention in Boston.

Fauci now does the media rounds defending his pandemic response after stepping down as Biden’s chief medical advisor in December.

Fauci told Fox News in August that he still doesn’t believe the lockdowns went too far.

“Well, I don’t think it’s forever irreparably damaged anyone,” he said, adding, “People selectively … pull things out about me.”